Cardiovascular disease - Harmonize Health

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is a broad term that encompasses diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, and more. CVD is the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 18 million people die from CVD each year. It accounts for nearly one-third of all global deaths, according to the World Health Organization. Understanding CVD and its risk factors is critical for prevention. What causes cardiovascular disease? There are multiple factors that contribute to the development of CVD:

• Atherosclerosis - This is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances. It causes arteries to harden and narrow, restricting blood flow. Over time, plaques can rupture and lead clots that block blood flow.
• High blood pressure - Also called hypertension, high pressure strains the heart and arteries, increasing risk for blockages, leakage, or bursting of blood vessels.
• Diabetes - High blood sugar levels over time can damage blood vessels and nerves that control the heart.
• Obesity - Excess body fat, especially around the waist, increases the workload on the heart. It also raises risk for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
• Smoking - Chemicals in tobacco smoke harm blood cells and damage blood vessels, increasing clotting risk.
• Physical inactivity - Lack of exercise makes it easier for plaque buildup and increases risk factors like obesity and high blood pressure.

What are the symptoms?

• Chest pain, tightness, or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Pain, numbness, weakness, or coldness in the legs or arms
• Pain in the neck, throat, upper belly, or back

How can cardiovascular disease be prevented? Many cases of CVD can be prevented by living a healthy lifestyle:

• Maintain a heart-healthy diet low in saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, and added sugars
• Be physically active for at least 150 minutes per week
• Avoid tobacco products and secondhand smoke
• Limit alcohol intake
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Manage conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure

In summary, cardiovascular disease encompasses many conditions affecting the heart and circulatory system. Leading a heart-healthy lifestyle with good nutrition, exercise, and avoidance of smoking can prevent the development of CVD in many people. Controlling other risk factors is also key. With a balanced, proactive approach, it's possible to reduce risk substantially. For more information, visit the Harmonize Health.